Another Extensive thesis on East African DNA

It was brought to my attention last week, thanks to a comment on this blog made by the user 'Umi', that another thesis on East African DNA variation was publicly available online:

Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations

This is also an extensive thesis with a wealth of information akin to Plaster's thesis, the primary differences being that this one was more focused on parts of East Africa that are found further to the South of Ethiopia, and in addition to uni-parental analysis, it also included some Autosomal model-based inference, albeit of quite low resolution in today's standards; 848 microsattelites and 479 indels (refer to Tishkoff et al. 2009 for marker details).

Due to the extensive nature of the report I haven't had a chance to cover its entire scope, instead, for starters, I have first focused on the YDNA data by creating a relative frequency chart from the results reported in Fig. 3.3.2. 

Several things to initially point out here,

• The report outlines the discovery of 4 new SNPs, TL1-4. The first two were found in Haplogroup B and downstream from B-M150 and B-M112 respectively. The last two, TL3 and TL4, were found in haplogroup E and downstream from E-U174 and E-V32 respectively. Incidentally, the fourth SNP that is under E-V32, TL4, could potentially be the same as Z808/Z809 as identified recently by the geneological community, however, as the report does not give the Y-Chromosome location of the SNP in a NCBI Build 36/37 format, this can not be verified, at least by me, at the moment.
• A couple of the frequency results in Fig. 3.3.2 do not add up, in particular, the frequency results for the Boni and the Baggara, but also to a lesser extent for the Kanuri and Teita.  I have labeled the missing frequency results with a “?” in the relative charts for those specific populations.
• The Burji and Konso are labeled as being only from Kenya throughout the report, however most Burji are from Ethiopia, and the Konso are exclusively found in Ethiopia, I have reflected this in the charts.
• STR data is not readily available to perform TMRCA estimates on, however, some TMRCA results are reported using Zhivotovsky's rates in Table 3.3.1, nevertheless, these are estimates only for different lineages found in the dataset for all the samples and not necessarily comparing TMRCAs in the different populations under study.
• J-M62, while a subclade of J-M267, is not the main subclade of J-M267 found in East Africa, that would be J-P58, therefore, the results for J-12f2.1 (x M62, M172) reported, may after all be, or largely include, J-P58 lineages, off-course those results could also include variants of J-M267 other than J-P58 and J-M62 as well since the SNP was not directly tested. 
• E-P2* lineages are abundantly found (> 30%) in the Konso, Burji and Mbugwe, however on closer examination and correlation with current data, these could be E-M329, E-V38* or even E-M215*, as none of these SNPs were directly tested. Genuine E-P2* lineages would be positive for E-P2 and negative for V38 and M215 (See Trombetta et al. 2011)
• Similarly, the E-M35* lineages reported could be members of relatively newly discovered lineages of E-Z830*( See this post for details), or some of the untested variantes of E-M35, i.e.  E-V42, V92 and maybe even E-V68 (x M78)

African Sahel YDNA

Multiple and differentiated contributions to the male gene pool of pastoral and farmer populations of the African Sahel

ABSTRACT

The African Sahel is conducive to studies of divergence/admixture genetic events as a result of its population history being so closely related with past climatic changes. Today, it is a place of the co-existence of two differing food-producing subsistence systems, i.e., that of sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoralists, whose populations have likely been formed from several dispersed indigenous hunter-gatherer groups. Using new methodology, we show here that the male gene pool of the extant populations of the African Sahel harbors signatures of multiple and differentiated contributions from different genetic sources. We also show that even if the Fulani pastoralists and their neighboring farmers share high frequencies of four Y chromosome subhaplogroups of E, they have drawn on molecularly differentiated subgroups at different times. These findings, based on combinations of SNP and STR polymorphisms, add to our previous knowledge and highlight the role of differences in the demographic history and displacements of the Sahelian populations as a major factor in the segregation of the Y chromosome lineages in Africa. Interestingly, within the Fulani pastoralist population as a whole, a differentiation of the groups from Niger is characterized by their high presence of R1b-M343 and E1b1b1-M35. Moreover, the R1b-M343 is represented in our dataset exclusively in the Fulani group and our analyses infer a north-to-south African migration route during a recent past.

Closed Access

Y(x CF)  Phylogeny, Red = SNPs Tested, Blue =Presumed Tested 

CF Phylogeny, Red = SNPs Tested, Blue =Presumed Tested